Our favourite aspect of vanlife is freedom. Parked in a remote spot miles from the nearest campsite without a soul in sight. Solar panels for campervans are the key to enjoying this freedom, allowing us vanlifers to run independently of the grid and campsites.
Understanding how solar panels work on a campervan can help you maximise your setup and keep your journey powered wherever the road takes you.
Our solar panels for campervans guide explains everything you need to know about calculating your power needs, including available space, watts, maintenance, climate/location, and more. We've also included a list of solar panels based on different budgets and use cases. Let's start by looking at the fundamentals of campervan solar panels and how they work.
How Do Solar Panels Work on a Campervan?
Campervan solar panels harness sunlight and turn it into electricity. Here's how it works: the panels comprise photovoltaic cells, which absorb sunlight and generate direct current (DC) electricity. You can either store the electricity in batteries or use it immediately.
If you have batteries, they store the electricity for later use, meaning you can power your lights, fridge, or other gadgets anytime, day or night. The system includes a solar charge controller, which manages the energy flow to prevent the batteries from overcharging.
Most campervans use batteries because they provide more flexibility and reliability. They let you store excess power during the day, ensuring energy is available even when the sun isn't shining. This setup keeps your campervan powered and ready for off-grid adventures.
How Much Solar Power Does a Campervan Need?
Figuring out how much solar power your campervan needs depends on several key factors—there is no one-size-fits-all. Hence, we've created a campervan electrics tool to build your customised off-grid system.
Your power needs will vary based on how you use your campervan, the appliances you run, and where you travel. Here are some things to consider before you get started:
- Your power consumption: List all the devices and appliances you plan to use. Think about lights, fridge, phone chargers, laptops, and other gadgets. Each one has a power rating, usually measured in watts. Add these up to get a sense of your daily energy needs.
- How long you stay off-grid: Are you heading out for a weekend or living on the road full-time? The longer you stay off-grid, the more solar power you'll need. A weekend warrior might get by with a smaller setup, while full-time vanlifers will need something more robust.
- Sunlight availability: Where you're travelling matters. You can generate more power if you're in sunny areas most of the time. You'll need more panels to capture enough energy in cloudy or shaded regions.
- Sun height: The higher the sun is in the sky, the more energy your panels will produce. This is why being in areas closer to the equator is better for solar. For example, holidaying in southern Europe will generate more solar power than travelling the Scottish North Coast 500. The sun is higher in the sky, and there’s typically less cloud cover.
- Season and climate: Summer offers longer days and more sunlight, so you might need less solar power. In winter or cloudy climates, your panels will produce less energy, meaning you may need a bigger setup and more efficient panels.
- Battery storage: Consider how much power you want to store. Batteries give you a buffer for cloudy days or nighttime use. The more storage you have, the more flexibility you'll get from your solar system. But the heavier you are, the less you can carry and the more fuel you'll burn travelling.
- Roof space:How much room is on your campervan’s roof? This real estate limits how many panels you can install, which directly impacts how much power you can generate. Solar panels offer the best return on investment, so if you’re planning to spend significant time off-grid, we recommend maximising your roof space with as much solar as possible.
Considering these factors, you can better estimate how much solar power your campervan will need. Each setup is unique, so it's all about finding the right balance for your lifestyle and travel plans.
Understanding Campervan Solar Panel Watts
"Watts" measures the power solar panels can produce. Most campervan solar panels range between 100W and 400W. However, the number of watts you need depends on your power use and travel style.
Here are some key factors to consider:
- Daily power usage: If you're running just a few small devices like lights and phone chargers, 100W to 200W panels might be enough. But if you're powering larger appliances like a fridge or laptop, you'll likely need 300W or more.
- Roof space: The more watts you want, the more panels you need. That requires enough space on your campervan's roof. If your roof is tight, consider more efficient panels that generate more power with less surface area.
- Sunlight conditions: Panels produce more watts in full sunlight. Fewer panels might work in sunny regions, but you might need to boost your wattage in cloudier or shaded areas to meet your needs.
- Battery capacity: Consider how much energy you want to store. The more watts your panels generate, the faster you can charge your batteries, which is vital if you have high-powered appliances or want to stay off-grid for longer.
Our free campervan electrics tool will tell you exactly how many watts you'll need based on your travel needs, devices, and appliances.
Types of Solar Panels for Campervans
When choosing solar panels for your campervan, it's important to understand the different types available. Each type has its strengths and limitations, impacting your energy setup and overall experience. Let's dive into the two main factors: the structure of the solar panels and the technology behind them.
Structure of the Solar Panel
Rigid Solar Panels
Rigid solar panels are the most common choice for campervans. They're sturdy, efficient, and generally more affordable. These panels are encased in a solid frame, usually made of aluminium, which protects the photovoltaic cells from the elements. This design makes them durable and long-lasting, ideal for most van setups.
However, rigid panels aren't always the best fit. If your van has a curved roof or a pop-top, rigid panels might be tricky to install or could spoil the sleek look you're going for. They require flat surfaces and proper mounting brackets, which can limit where you can place them.
If you have a standard van with a flat roof, rigid panels are usually your best bet for maximum efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Most larger vans have rigid roofs which makes installation of a flexible solar panel almost impossible.
Flexible Solar Panels
Flexible solar panels are, as the name suggests, bendable. They're lightweight and can contour to curved surfaces, making them perfect for unique van builds like retro motorhomes or VW Pop Top. These panels are also easier to install since they can be glued directly to the surface, avoiding the need for bulky mounting brackets.
But there's a trade-off. Flexible panels tend to be less efficient and more expensive per watt than rigid panels. They're also more prone to damage over time since they don't have the protective frame that rigid panels do. If you're short on space or have a non-traditional roof, flexible panels could be the solution, but they might cost more and won't last as long.
Monocrystalline vs. Polycrystalline Solar Panels
Monocrystalline Solar Panels
Monocrystalline panels are made from a single, pure silicon crystal. This type of panel is highly efficient, meaning it can produce more power from the same amount of sunlight compared to other types. They're perfect for campervans with limited roof space since you'll need fewer panels to generate the same amount of electricity.
The downside? Monocrystalline panels are usually more expensive. However, the higher efficiency can be worth the investment, especially if you plan to rely heavily on solar power. These panels are a solid choice if you want the best performance and can afford the upfront cost.
Polycrystalline Solar Panels
Polycrystalline panels are made from multiple silicon fragments melted together. This design makes them less efficient than monocrystalline panels, so you'll need more of them to generate the same amount of power. They're also slightly bulkier, which can be challenging for a campervan with limited roof space.
On the plus side, polycrystalline panels are more affordable, making them a good option if you're on a tight budget and don't need maximum efficiency. Keep in mind that you might need to install more panels to meet your energy needs, which could take up more space on your roof.
Which Type of Solar Panels Should You Choose?
If you have limited roof space and want the best performance, go for monocrystalline panels. They're more expensive, but the higher efficiency pays off in the long run. If budget is your primary concern and you have enough roof space, polycrystalline panels can still get the job done, though you might need more of them.
Choosing between rigid and flexible, or monocrystalline and polycrystalline, comes down to your specific campervan setup and how you plan to use it. Consider your roof space, your budget, and how much power you need to decide which type of solar panel is right for you.
Connecting Solar Panels in Series or Parallel
When setting up your campervan's solar panels, you can connect them in series, parallel, or a combination. Each method has advantages, so understanding the differences will help you choose the best option.
Connecting Solar Panels in Series
When you connect solar panels in series, the voltage increases while the current stays the same. The overall voltage of your solar array goes up, which is helpful because your panels need to produce at least 14V to charge a 12V battery.
By connecting solar panels in series, you extend the time each day that your panels can effectively charge your batteries, even during low light conditions. Another benefit is that you can use thinner cables since the current doesn't increase, which can save installation costs and simplify the setup.
Connecting Solar Panels in Parallel
Connecting your solar panels in parallel increases the current while keeping the same voltage. It's beneficial because once your panels reach the required voltage (14V or more), the higher current results in more charge flowing into your batteries.
Another key advantage of a parallel setup is its resilience to shading. If one panel is in the shade, it won't drag down the performance of the other panels, which is ideal if you often park in areas with partial sunlight.
Campervan Solar Panel Series vs. Parallel Connection
While both methods have benefits, we recommend connecting your panels in series. A series connection maximises the time your system can charge the batteries daily, crucial for generating the most energy, especially in less-than-ideal weather conditions.
If you have four solar panels or more you have the option of connecting your array in series-parallel to get the best of both worlds—higher voltage and increased current. This hybrid approach can optimise your energy production, ensuring you're covered whether you're parked under the bright sun or dealing with a few cloudy days.
Choosing a suitable connection method depends on your specific needs, such as how often you travel, where you park, and overall energy consumption. Consider these factors carefully to maximise your campervan's solar power system.
Choosing A Solar Charge Controller
Sticking a solar panel on your campervan roof might seem straightforward, but managing the power it generates is where things get tricky. Solar panels produce varying current and voltage levels throughout the day, so you can't connect them directly to your batteries without risking damage—which is where a solar charge controller comes in.
Think of the solar charge controller as a middleman between your panels and your batteries. It regulates the power flow, ensuring your batteries charge safely and efficiently. The wrong controller can waste solar energy, so choosing the right one is crucial.
There are two main types of solar charge controllers:
- Pulse Width Modulation (PWM): These are the most affordable but less efficient, similar to polycrystalline panels. They work by gradually reducing the power sent to your batteries as they reach full charge, which can mean less efficient energy use overall.
- Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT): These are the go-to choice for most van setups. MPPT controllers are more efficient, delivering up to 30% more power to your batteries than PWM controllers. They come with a higher price tag, but the boost in performance is worth it, especially when roof space is limited and every watt counts.
In short, MPPT controllers are the smart choice for campervans. They maximise your solar panel's output, giving you more reliable power when off-grid.
When selecting a charge controller, you often see two key specs: maximum input voltage and maximum output current. The input voltage must match your solar panel setup and should be above 14V for charging a 12V battery. The output current determines how quickly your batteries charge—the higher the current, the faster the charge.
If this sounds overwhelming, don't worry. Our free off-grid calculator simplifies the process, automatically selecting the correct charge controller for your system.
We work closely with the experts at Victron Energy, who supply us with MPPT controllers and have some excellent, in-depth resources available. Check out their MPPT sizing calculator if you want to get into the nitty-gritty, or you can let us do this for you—included in our off-grid calculator.
How to Fit Solar Panels to a Campervan or Motorhome
Installing solar panels on your campervan might sound intimidating, but it's manageable if you break it down into simple steps.
Here's a brief guide to installing campervan solar panels.
Step one: Plan your setup
First, measure your roof space to determine how many panels you can fit. Consider any roof features like fans or vents that might affect the placement. Decide whether you'll use rigid or flexible panels based on your roof's shape.
Step two: Choose Your Mounting Method
You have two main options for mounting:
- Z-Brackets: These are bolted to the roof and are best for rigid panels. They're sturdy and keep the panels close to the roof for a sleek look.
- Corner Mounts: These are glued to the roof, ideal if you prefer not to drill holes. They add height to your setup but work well with rigid panels.
Step three: Install the panels
Installing rigid panels with z-brackets:
- Attach the brackets to the panels.
- Position the panel on the roof and mark the holes.
- Drill the holes, apply sealant, and bolt the panel in place with the help of a friend.
Installing rigid panels with corner mounts:
- Place the mounts and panels on the roof, mark their positions, and clean the surface.
- Apply adhesive, let it dry, and then secure the panels by drilling through the mounts.
Installing flexible panels:
- Clean the roof thoroughly.
- Apply adhesive to the back of the panels and press them into place.
Step four: Run the cables
Drill a hole in the roof for the cable entry gland, file the edges, and treat with a protective coating. Route the cables through the gland into the van, sealing everything with adhesive to prevent leaks. Ensure the cables run smoothly from the panels to your charge controller (MPPT).
Step five: Secure and Test
Once everything is in place, double-check all connections and secure any loose cables. Test the system to ensure it's generating and storing power correctly.
For more detailed instructions, including tools and safety tips, refer to our full guide on how to install campervan solar panels. This step-by-step approach will help ensure your solar panels are installed correctly and ready to power your vanlife adventures.
Calculating Your Solar Needs
Understanding how much solar power your campervan needs is crucial for comfortably staying off-grid. The process involves determining how much energy your appliances consume and how many solar panels and batteries you'll need to meet that demand.
Here's how to break it down.
How Many Solar Panels for a Campervan, Motorhome, or Caravan?
To calculate the solar panels you need, start with your daily energy consumption. List all the devices and appliances you plan to use and note their power ratings in watts. For example:
- LED lights: 5 watts per hour × 4 hours (evening) = 20 watt-hours per day
- Fridge: 60 watts per hour × 24 hours = 1,440 watt-hours per day
- Phone charger: 10 watts per hour × 2 hours (estimated charging) = 20 watt-hours per day
- Laptop: 50 watts per hour × 3 hours (estimated charging) = 150 watt-hours per day
So, your total daily energy consumption would be:
20 + 1,440 + 20 + 150 = 1,630 watt-hours per day or 1,630 Wh
Now, consider the average sunlight hours in your travel area. In a sunny region, you get about five peak sunlight hours daily. To generate 1,630 watt-hours, you'll need at least 326 watts of solar power (1,630 watt-hours / 5 sunlight hours = 326 watts).
You could use a combination of panels that add up to at least 326 watts to meet this demand or a 360W panel setup. If you plan to add more devices or need a buffer for less sunny days, use a 400W or 500W setup to ensure you have enough power.
Cost and Value Considerations for Campervan Solar Panels
When deciding whether to invest in solar panels for your campervan, it's important to weigh the costs against the benefits. Let's break it down so you can make an informed decision.
Are Solar Panels for Campervans Worth It?
Solar panels can be a game-changer for vanlife, especially if you love staying off-grid. The main benefit is freedom. With solar power, you're not tied to campsites or hookups. You can park wherever you like and still have power for your essentials. Over time, this can save you money on campground fees and give you more travel flexibility.
However, the upfront cost can be significant. Solar panels, batteries, and the necessary equipment add up. But the investment usually pays off if you're on the road often or plan to live in your van full-time. You'll recoup the costs by avoiding campsite fees and enjoying free, renewable energy.
Cost of Solar Panels for Campervans
The cost of solar panels for campervans varies based on the size and type of system you choose. Here's a rough breakdown:
- Basic setup (100W to 200W): Ideal for short trips or minimal power needs. Costs range from £160 ($200).
- Mid-range setup (200W to 400W): Suitable for longer trips or more devices. Expect to spend £250+ ($325+).
- High-end setup (400W and above): Best for full-time van life with multiple devices and appliances. Budget for at least £600 ($780).
These estimates are for solar panels only. In addition to the panels, you'll need to budget for a charge controller, inverter, and batteries (the most expensive part of a campervan solar setup).
Depending on the capacity and quality of the components, these additional items will cost a few hundred to several thousand pounds.
If you're unsure where to start, use our free campervan electrics tool, which walks you through building a custom electrical setup to meet your needs.
Portable vs. Fixed Solar Panels – Which Is Better?
Choosing between portable and fixed solar panels depends on your travel style and needs.
Fixed Solar Panels
Fixed panels are mounted permanently on your campervan's roof. They're always in place, which means you generate power whenever there's sunlight. They're ideal if you want a hassle-free setup where you don't have to think about moving or positioning the panels. Fixed panels are also more secure since they're attached to the van.
However, fixed panels are limited by your van's roof space and orientation. You might not always get the optimal sunlight angle, which can reduce efficiency.
Portable Solar Panels
Portable panels offer more flexibility. You can position them wherever the sun is strongest, even when you park in the shade. This flexibility can make them more efficient in certain situations. Portable panels are also a good option if you don't want to commit to mounting something permanently on your roof.
The downside? You must set them up and pack them away each time you move, which is a hassle. You must also store the panels somewhere securely when not in use, taking up space inside your van.
Which Is Better?
Fixed panels are generally the way to go if you're looking for convenience and don't mind the higher upfront cost. Portable panels might be a better fit if you want flexibility and plan to stay in one spot for a while. Some vanlifers even combine portable and fixed for the best of both worlds.
Campervan Solar Panel Maintenance and Troubleshooting
When choosing a solar system for your campervan, consider how much maintenance it will require and what common issues you might face. A well-maintained system will last longer and perform better, so understanding what's involved can help you make a smarter buying decision.
How to Maintain Your Campervan Solar Panels
Maintaining your solar panels is relatively simple, but it's essential to keep them in good shape. Here's what you should consider:
- Keep them clean: Dust, dirt, and bird droppings can block sunlight and reduce efficiency. Wipe down your panels regularly with a soft cloth and mild soap to keep them clear. You don't need to clean them too often, but check them every few weeks, especially after travelling on dusty roads or through rough weather.
- Inspect for damage: Check your panels for cracks or loose connections every few months. Even minor damage can affect performance. If you spot any issues, address them quickly to prevent further problems.
- Check the wiring: Ensure all connections are secure and corrosion-free. Loose or corroded wires can lead to energy loss or even system failure. A quick check now and then can help avoid these issues.
- Monitor performance: Keep an eye on your system's output. If you notice a drop in performance, it could indicate a problem with the panels, wiring, or charge controller. Many systems have monitoring tools, so use these to track your energy production.
Most solar panels have a long lifespan, typically 20 to 25 years. With proper maintenance, you'll ensure they last as long as possible, providing reliable power throughout your travels.
How to Solve Common Solar Panel Issues
Even with regular maintenance, you may encounter a few common issues with your solar setup. Here's what to watch for and how to handle them:
- Reduced power output: If your panels aren't producing as much power as they should, check for dirt, shading, or damage. Clean the panels, remove obstructions, and inspect for cracks or loose connections.
- Battery not charging: If your batteries aren't charging, the problem might be with the charge controller, wiring, or even the panels themselves. Start by using a voltmeter to troubleshoot. First, measure the voltage across the input terminals of the charge controller. If there’s no voltage, the issue likely lies with the solar panels. If you do get a reading, test the output terminals. No voltage here suggests a problem with the charge controller. Check all connections and reattach the wires to ensure they’re secure. If the output still shows no voltage, your charge controller might need replacing.
- Inverter problems: If your inverter isn't converting power properly, start by using a voltmeter to check for issues. First, measure the voltage across the inverter’s input terminals. If there’s no voltage, the problem likely lies in the connection to your battery—remember, even a “dead” battery should show some voltage. If voltage is present at the input, test the output terminals. If there’s no voltage here, double-check all connections. If everything is secure and you still get no output, the inverter may be faulty—or it could simply be turned off. (Don’t worry, we’ve all been there—make sure it’s switched on before assuming the worst!)
- Overheating: Solar panels can get hot, but overheating can reduce efficiency and cause damage. Ensure adequate ventilation around the panels, and consider adding a cooling system if you're in a particularly hot climate.
By choosing a reliable system and staying on top of maintenance, you can prevent most problems and enjoy a worry-free power supply for your campervan. Regular checks and a little care will keep your system running smoothly long into the future.
Best Solar Panels for Campervans
Choosing the right solar panel for your campervan depends on your budget, space, and how you plan to use it. Here's a breakdown of top recommendations based on different budgets and use cases to help you make the best choice.
Top Recommendations for Different Budgets
Budget-Friendly Options
If you're looking for an affordable and reliable option, the Victron 90W rigid panel is a great starting point. It's perfect for those who need basic solar power for small devices or lights. This panel is efficient, easy to install, and has a 25-year warranty. It's also durable, making it a smart investment for budget-conscious travellers.
Mid-Range Options
Victron 115W Rigid Solar Panel
For a bit more power without breaking the bank, the Victron 115W panel offers excellent value. It's ideal for weekend trips and shorter adventures where you need to power more devices. This panel works well in all weather conditions and is easy to install with z-brackets or corner mounts.
Victron 140W Rigid Solar Panel
The 140W panel is a step up if you need more energy for longer trips. It's still reasonably priced and provides enough power to run multiple devices. With efficient charging in various conditions and a 25-year warranty, it's a reliable choice for most vanlifers.
High-End Options
Victron 305W Rigid Solar Panel
The Victron 305W panel offers substantial power for those living on the road full-time or needing to power more demanding appliances. It's perfect for those who don't want to worry about energy shortages. This panel is efficient in all conditions, built to last, and a worthy investment for serious vanlife enthusiasts.
Top Recommendations for Different Use Cases
Best for Limited Roof Space
If roof space is limited or you need a stealthy setup, the 100W flexible solar panel is a great option. It's lightweight, thin, and easy to install on flat or slightly curved roofs. It's perfect for pop-top roofs or if you're looking to maintain a sleek profile. Although more expensive than rigid panels, the flexibility and ease of installation make it worth the cost.
Best for Extended Off-Grid Living
Victron 360W Rigid Solar Panel
The 360W panel is ideal for extended off-grid living. It generates ample power to keep your devices running for long periods. Whether you're parked in the desert or mountains, this panel handles high and low temperatures efficiently. It's designed for maximum energy production, ensuring you stay powered wherever your travels take you.
Best for Versatility
The 120W flexible panel is a versatile choice that balances power and flexibility. It's perfect for most campervans, offering enough power for longer trips and easy installation on various roof types. This panel is ideal for those who want a reliable, mid-range option that can adapt to different setups.
Best for Heavy Power Users
Victron 215W Rigid Solar Panel
If you're a heavy power user with multiple devices, the 215W panel is a strong contender. It delivers efficient charging in all weather and is built to last. This panel is ideal for those who need consistent, high-output power and are planning extensive travels.
You can select the solar panel that best fits your needs by considering your budget and how you plan to use your campervan. Whether you're a weekend warrior or a full-time traveller, Vunked has a solar panel to power your vanlife adventures.
Power Your Campervan Off-Grid With Vunked
Solar panels let you enjoy the freedom of off-grid living by harnessing sunlight to power your devices and appliances. With the proper setup, you can stay off-grid longer and explore remote locations without worrying about energy.
FAQs
How do I fit a solar panel to a motorhome?
To fit a solar panel to a motorhome, you'll need to first decide on the mounting method, such as using z-brackets or adhesive mounts. Then, you'll install the panel, run the cables to your charge controller, and connect it to your battery system. Ensure everything is securely fastened and weatherproofed.
How many watts does a solar panel need for a campervan?
The wattage needed for a campervan depends on your energy consumption and how long you want to stay off-grid. Generally, 200W to 400W is sufficient for most campervans, covering basic needs like lighting, charging devices, and running a small fridge.
Who fits solar panels to motorhomes?
Professional auto electricians can install solar panels specialising in motorhome or campervan conversions. Alternatively, if you're comfortable with DIY projects, you can install them yourself using a detailed guide and proper tools.
How much do solar panels cost for a campervan?
Solar panel costs for a campervan can range from £160 for a basic 100W panel setup to over £1,000 for a high-end 400W system, not including installation and additional components like charge controllers and batteries.
What is the best solar panel for a campervan in the UK?
The best solar panel for a campervan in the UK balances efficiency, durability, and cost. Monocrystalline panels are typically more efficient and work well in the UK's varied weather conditions, making them a top choice for vanlifers.
Is a 100W solar panel enough for a campervan?
A 100W solar panel can be enough for minimal energy needs, such as charging small devices and running a few LED lights. However, it may not suffice for larger energy demands like running a fridge or heating system, especially for extended periods off-grid.
How much solar power do I need to run a fridge in my campervan?
To run a small fridge, you typically need at least 200W to 300W of solar power, depending on the fridge's efficiency and your location's sunlight availability. This setup should provide enough energy to keep the refrigerator running constantly.
Can I add more solar panels to my existing setup?
Yes, you can add more solar panels to your existing setup if your charge controller and battery bank can handle the additional input. To avoid overloading your system, ensure that the total wattage does not exceed its capacity.